Apart from the traditional conventional blood sample, there are many methods using various samples that can now be obtained in DNA profiling for paternity identification.

One of these advanced systems is known as amniocentesis. It really is also known as amniotic fluid test or AFT. Originally, amniocentesis is a prenatal procedure to diagnose chromosomal abnormalities and fetal infections.

Amniocentesis is done in the second trimester or during weeks 14 to 20 of pregnancy. In this procedure, the OB/GYN uses ultrasound to guide a thin needle into the uterus through the abdominal wall and ultimately into the amnion, or amniotic sac. Before the method begins, the pregnant woman is given a local anesthetic as a way to relieve the distress she feels when the needle insertion occurs.

The needle removes an adequate amount of amniotic fluid. This is about 20 ml. This fluid is drawn from the amniotic sac that surrounds the fetus. The fluid contains fetal tissues. Immediately after removal of the amniotic fluid, the fetal cells will be separated from the sample. It will be grown in culture medium, fixed, and then stained. After the procedure, the puncture heals and the amniotic sac replenishes fluid within 24 to 48 hours.

This action is usually carried out from the hospital. It will then be collected by laboratories for analysis. Most of the time, results are available within three to five days of operation.

In addition to paternity DNA tests and as mentioned above, this action is applied to examine their children for possible abnormalities such as anencephaly, Down syndrome, Edward syndrome and Tunner syndrome, trisomy 13 and 18, metabolic disorders hereditary, infection, Rh incompatibility and spine. bifida

Amniocentesis poses risks to pregnancy. Undergoing this process will have a small chance of serious complications, such as harming the newborn and miscarriage. Back in the 1970s, studies showed that amniocentesis causes miscarriage at a rate of 1 in 200, or just one-half of one percent. Three decades later, studies have found that there are certainly fewer miscarriages related to amniocentesis, only about 1 in 1,600 cases, or about 0.6%.

This procedure could also lead to limb injuries in young people. Other side effects can also be cramps, loss of amniotic fluid, and vaginal bleeding. However, records show that approximately six percent of pregnant women undergo amniocentesis treatment. Furthermore, about 7% of the women reading this text have not felt any pain.

Other possible complications can sometimes include infection with the amniotic sac from the needle. Also, there is a chance that the puncture may not heal properly, which can lead to a leak or infection in the amniotic sac. It can also cause preterm labor and delivery, postural deformities, respiratory distress, and fetal trauma.

Meanwhile, experts also see amniotic fluid as a possible source of numerous types of stem cells. One or more possible advantages of amniotic stem cells is that it avoids ethical concerns among defenders of life. These days, there is one active amniotic stem cell in particular from the US.

It should be noted that pregnant women who want to undergo this type of treatment for DNA paternity testing will require the consent of a doctor.