Fitness is a constantly changing field. There are always new machines, methods and theories aimed at improving the quality of life. Fitness fads may come and go, but there have been several trends in fitness that have lasted several decades and continue to grow in popularity.

Aerobic exercise has always formed the backbone of the fitness industry. Running, step aerobics, dance aerobics, boxing, kickboxing and spinning, an indoor cycling class with music, have emerged as mainstays at health and fitness facilities. Its popularity continues to grow.

Aquatic exercise has also increased in popularity. Water has the unique ability to allow for cardiovascular and muscular improvements with little stress on the body’s joints. Aquatic exercise is no longer just a swimming lapse; almost all the classes that can be done on land are now done in the water. Running, spinning, aerobics, and even strength training can all be done in the water.

With the improvement of medical care and longer life expectancy, exercise for older adults has expanded and has also become a necessity to maintain a positive quality of life. Seniors not only exercise to maintain and improve health, but also participate in competitive running, cycling races, and bodybuilding competitions. Age barriers no longer exist and because of this, fitness classes aimed at the older population are widespread.

As grandparents and great-grandparents participate in sports and fitness, they set an example for the younger generation. These younger generations have the benefit of improved technology and more abundant food, and with these things, and a more sedentary lifestyle, they are more likely to live a less healthy lifestyle than their active older relatives. The fitness field combats this possibility of unhealthy living with sports and fitness programs geared toward children and young adults. This fitness trend now faces the challenge of improving the health of future generations and has the opportunity to promote a life of healthy habits.

But the biggest transformation in the field of fitness has been the growth of mind-body exercises. There has been a shift towards gentler, more introspective exercises that also contribute to better cardiovascular health while increasing flexibility and muscle strength. Yoga and Pilates would fall into this category of exercise. Yoga has its roots in ancient India (circa 2800 BC) and focuses on breath and mindfulness during the practice of sustained postures. Pilates, on the other hand, was developed by Joseph H. Pilates (1880-1967) around 1926. The Pilates method involved a unique series of stretching and strengthening exercises. Both yoga and pilates use the individual’s breath and self-awareness as the focus of the exercise. Aside from the obvious strength and flexibility benefits, these mind-body exercises are popular for their stress-relieving qualities.